Cutting Weight in Combat Sports

Cutting Weight in Combat Sports Indira Moores Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School Contents Cutting Weight in Combat Sports3 Cutting Weight in General3 Effects of Extreme Weight Cuts4 Effects on Growth and Development5 Proper Techniques5 Effects on Performance6 Average Cuts7 Prevention of Weight Cutting8 Conclusion8 Works Cited10 Cutting Weight in Combat Sports It is a known fact that to be a competitor at an elite level, one must work hard and make sacrifices. There are many examples of hard working athletes shown through the media.Most of these examples, however, tend to focus on a select few professional sports like hockey, football, basketball and amateur sports like figure skating and track and field. Many other sports, are sometimes recognized as being an elite level, but are not nearly as understood because they do not get the exposure from the media, that more ‘popular’ sports do. A lot of combat sports, including wrestling, fall in to this category. Wrestling gets a l imited media exposure compared to more popular sports, and as a result, is not well understood.For example, at the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, Canada earned its first gold medal by wrestler Carol Hyun at weight 49 kg. Yet wrestling was generally not covered extensively over most television networks, (Yardly, 2008). Because combat sports aren’t generally media-popular sports, they are often not understood, which leads to some misconceptions. For instance, they are viewed as more violent compared to other contact sports such as hockey or football, or that it requires less training, (Bina, 2011).However, one of the biggest misconceptions, and the one I am choosing to focus on is that cutting weight, in a sport such as wrestling, is an unhealthy component of the sport with detrimental consequences. That’s not to say that there aren’t extreme examples of dangerous and reckless weight cutting with dire consequences. However weight cutting, when monitored and execut ed properly, is just another example of hard work and sacrifices that must be made within the sport. Cutting Weight in General Most combat sports are divided into weight classes. This gives athletes the advantage of competing against someone who is relatively their own size.Rather than having a 190 pound athlete compete against a 130 pound athlete. The competitors attend a weigh- in session in which the athletes are weighed and are grouped in to the listed weight class. This is where the concept of cutting weight comes in. Instead of wrestling someone your own size, why not lose weight and wrestle somebody who is smaller? This thought process has become very popular in recent years with wrestlers, especially in North America. Cutting weight is known as the process of losing a lot of weight in a short amount of time.If it is only a few pounds, losing the weight is fairly easy, but if the athlete is trying to drop multiple weight classes in a few days that is when issues arise. Unfort unately, the small amount of attention from the media that wrestling receives is mainly focused on the most extreme cases and negative cases, where athletes refuse liquids for hours, food for days and wear multiple layers of clothing to sweat out the weight. In some cases athletes are dressed in sweat suits and sit in steam rooms at ridiculously high temperatures in attempts to lose the weight.The media has brought the attention to the deaths and the injuries instead of focusing more on the good of the sport. When the process of cutting weight is only viewed in such a negative way, it’s easy to assume that it can be very detrimental to anyone’s body. Effects of Extreme Weight Cuts These extreme cases that the media has focused on are, of course, very unfortunate. These cuts have very harmful effects on the body. First of all, there is the obvious fact that the body is being dehydrated. Dehydration alone, causes the body to be tired and sleepy, causes the body to have a ard time concentrating and can be easily stressed, (Matheney, 2010). An athlete is also more prone to being injured when they are dehydrated, (Matheney, 2010). Dehydration causes the organs in the body to work harder to continue their bodily functions. Examples of this are the heart and the kidneys. The heart pumps blood all over the body after it has been oxygenized. Without the necessary amount of water in the body, the heart has to pump stronger and more often, causing it to be over worked. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood stream and without water it cannot filter properly.As a result, dehydration can cause kidney and heart failure. There are also reports of harming the liver during the process of cutting weight, (McAllister,2011). Aside from the physical effects, there are some mental effects on the body as well. Refusing foods and liquids days before a weigh in can increase an athlete’s risk of an eating disorder. Although, it is not necessarily because of the media and pressures to look a certain way, it is caused by the pressures of the team, coaches and themselves to weigh a certain weight.There is also the possibility of hormone imbalances which cause mood swings and depression in athletes, (Matheny, 2010). Effects on Growth and Development Younger, maturing athletes who cut large amounts of weight are more likely to experience hormone imbalances, which is caused by under nutrition. As a result the body’s growth hormone gets altered, which may cause permanent growth impairment if it is repeated over many seasons of wrestling, (Cochan, 2011. ) Any dietary restrictions in children who compete can also be harmful.Children, especially those who compete in intense levels of physical activity need a variety of nutrients. Since they are still growing and developing, many fats and carbohydrates are needed to keep the body fueled. If not, dietary restrictions may also reduce protein nutrition and muscular performance, (Health Can ada, 2011). Proper Techniques Although cutting weight will never be considered something extremely healthy, there are methods of cutting weight that do less harm to the body. People can cut weight properly over a long period of time through dieting and water manipulation.A simple low carb diet can help anybody two to three pounds per week. As long as the diet is still feeding the body the necessary nutrients, like water, only a small and necessary amount carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, it will still have enough energy to exercise intensely and slowly lose weight, (Landry, 2009). For example, after an intense workout or practice, eating a fruit would benefit the body. The simple sugars are carbohydrates that help replenish muscles after being worked very hard. This can be consumed instead of a calorie-high and carb-loaded protein drink.Another way losing weight that is less harmful to the body is known as water manipulation. Athletes are able to â€Å"trickâ₠¬  their body into thinking that it is consuming more water, then it actually is. For example, in the week leading up to the weigh in, for two days an athlete will drink eight litres of water. He or she will let the body adjust to this enormous amount of water being consumed. Naturally, the body will rid the excess water. After the two days, he or she will cut down to four litres, which is still a large amount.The body is still taking in more water than necessary, and is still ridding a large amount. This can help an athlete lose from 5-7 pounds in the days leading up to a weigh in. Effects on Performance After being dehydrated for an extended period of time, the body takes a prolonged time to rehydrate. According to The Wrestler Diet, by Roger Landry and others, the body intakes â€Å"only about two pints [of water] per hour, and takes up to 48 hours for the water balance tissue in your muscles to be restored,†. Different bodies, however, react differently.Athletes who have been dieting responsibly and are used to competing may be more familiar with restoring their bodies before a tournament. Ioannis Barbas did a study on twelve Greco – Roman wrestlers and how they recovered from the average weight cutting process during the tournament. Through his study he discovered a number of things like which matches in the day were the hardest for most athletes – that being the fourth match- , when the athletes found themselves most tired and so on. He did this by recording performance measurements, muscle damage assessments, and blood sampling before and after every match.He also found that these wrestlers were able to overcome weight loss routines before tournaments and preform very well and up to their usual abilities. Another factor that may affect the performances of combat sport competitors may be improper diets. Other professional and amateur sports that do not focus on weight have the advantage of consuming many high calorie and high carb f oods that would fuel the body with necessary nutrients during their competition. Meanwhile, athlete who are concerned about their weight are restricting these types of foods so he or she can make the desired weight class.In other words, these athletes are not getting proper nutrients, which may affect the athlete’s performance, (Smith). However, if the athlete loses the weight responsibly and avoids dehydration as much as possible, the recovery should be maximal. If an athlete has been dehydrated for a short period of time, and rehydrates with water and electrolytes after the weigh in the negative effects should be minimal, (Barbas, 2010). Average Cuts The average amount of weight that is cut by athletes strongly depends on the sport, and the level of competition.For example, professional UFC fighters are going to cut more than a rookie high school wrestler. Professional UFC fighters are known to cut anywhere from 20 to 45 pounds, (Wong, 2010). This is an extremely large amou nt, but most of it is done over a long period of time and carefully, considering this is what they do as a profession. High school and university level wrestlers could drop a simple five pounds to 15 pounds over time, (McAllister, 2011). Prevention of Weight Cutting With the number of deaths and injuries that have occurred from athletes cutting weight, there had to be changes made.The consequences of cutting weight are very extreme, yet many athletes continue to do so in a very reckless way. In the United States, collegiate wrestling competitions have changed the weigh in date from the evening before the competition, to the day of the competition. This helps reduce the chance of athletes cutting weight by giving them less time to recover after dehydration and starvation. The less time to recover, the less likely the athlete will perform well, and therefore an athlete is less likely to cut. The NCAA has also recently taken many steps to reduce the chances of athletes cutting weight.T hey have banned competitors of practicing in a room that is hotter than 80 degrees Fahrenheit, self – induced vomiting, and extensive fluid and/or food restrictions, (Loma, 2010). Another common restriction that has been made is the banning of sauna suits. This is a decent compromise to athletes because the act of weight cutting can still be done, but in a much less dangerous way. Sauna suits are very dangerous and can easily overheat an athlete. Conclusion Cutting weight is an unhealthy part of combat sports. Nonetheless, it is a part of the sport.Unfortunately, the small amount of attention the media gives to these combat sports, such as wrestling, tend to be more negative and focused on extreme cases of athletes cutting large amounts of weight. As a result of the lack of attention, the sports are not thoroughly understood, particularly the concept of cutting weight. Cutting weight does have detrimental effects on the body, especially young, growing children. But if it is e xecuted properly, then the negative effects are negligible. If athletes do monitor their weight cutting process over time and very carefully, they will be able to compete near their fullest potential.If cutting weight, and other misconceptions about combat sports had more exposure, it would be understood that cutting weight is just another part of the sport that demonstrates hard work and extreme sacrifices. Works Cited Barbas, I. , (Nov 27th, 2010). , Physiological and performance adaptations of elite Greco-Roman wrestlers during a one-day tournament. , Retrieved from http://www. fila-official. com/images/FILA/documents/stages/2010/Barbas_physiological_performance_adaptations_gr. pdf on Feb 20th, 2012. Bina, A. , (Feb 2011). , Why is College Wrestling Unpopular? Retrieve from

Eight Elements of Communication Essay

With the importance of communication placed on the development of the human society, it is indeed necessary to understand the different elements that make it sensible for creating the necessary involvement within the human communities around the .world. To have an overview and understanding of the said elements, this paper shall discuss the different impacts of the elements upon the improvement of human relations within a globally connected society. Â  The discussion of the eight elements shall be discussed separately to individually identify their strong effects on the developmental procedures of the human society. (A) Message Sending Approach Every conversation begins in the process by which the speaker sends the message to the listener. The procedure by which the listener catches the message however depends on the process by which the sender sent the idea that he wants to convey to the listeners. (B) Receiving the Message As it could be observed, the ways by which the listener receive the message depends on the way the speaker primarily sent the idea through the approach that he made in the speech that he adapted while sending the message. (C) Evaluating the Message Evaluation of the message depends on the listener’s background regarding the idea being sent to him. It is through this background that he is able to make careful amends with the ways on how he is to evaluate the idea shared to him through conversation. (D) Understanding the Message Understanding involves the capability of the listener to make connection between the message and what he already knows about the topic being presented in the conversation. (E) Responding to the Message The response that the listener makes on the message that has been sent to him depends on how far he was able to understand the idea that is presented to him. Responding is the way by which the conversation is brought towards the development of continuum. (F) Making the Conversation Work The exchange of thoughts makes conversations work. The effective use of the different elements of communication makes it possible for the listener and the speaker to continue exchanging their ideas. (G) Sending the Right Message through Body Language At some point, the body language of the person speaking coveys at least 40% of the words that he is actually speaking. It is through this that people are able to make amends on the different flaws that the speaker makes during the conversation. (H) The use of Facial Expressions If body language gives 40%of the speech being sent, facial expression at least shares a 20% of the message that is sent to the listener. Through the enumeration and definition of the eight elements of communication, it could be noted that conversations are bound to become effectively disposed through the different background and bodily presentations of the message on the part of both the listener and the sender of the message. Being able to do so makes it possible for people to constantly create possibilities in making conversations work for the best results for the ones involved in the discussion.

Rationalism in Architecture

IntroductionRationalism began as a seventeenth century political orientation that led to the Enlightenment, a period in history where ground was the primary instrument for warranting and understanding the aˆ?howsaˆ? and aˆ?whysaˆ? of things and fortunes. The Enlightenment was a clip where concrete grounds through scientific research flourished and Rationalism influenced all field of enterprises and even simple day-to-day undertakings. [ 1 ] In layperson footings, to be rational is to be apprehensible, mensurable or definite. Using this as premiss, Rationalism in architecture therefore pertains to accuracy in planing and constructing the tallness, comprehensiveness or deepness of a construction. Architectural Rationalism was a solid grounds of the Enlightenment influence in the field of architecture. It continues to prevail in the modern universe as an independent art motion though much of the modern Rationalist designs have small resemblance to Enlightenment architect ure. Henceforth, this essay attempts to contextualize Rationalism by distinguishing its two discrepancies: eighteenth century Rationalism and the recent twentieth century development. The similarities and differences of their several designs and, if possible, maps are noted to give us an thought on how Rationalism has evolved as an architectural political orientation. The essay besides includes treatments on sub-movements, their innovators and their hallmarks.eighteenth Century RationalismThe Enlightenment Architectural Rationalism was focused on being symmetrical, holding accurate measurings of authoritative forms, and functionality. It clearly reflected the spirit of the times where scientific discipline, mathematics and logic were at the extremum of their influence. Neoclassicism was a widespread motion under the Rationalist wing. It was established in reaction to the royal poinciana and apparently inordinate Baroque and Rococo manners. During the neoclassicist roar, many graphicss and structural designs of the classical Graeco-Roman epoch were recalled together with the architectural plants of Italian Andrea Palladio. [ 2 ] The motion was named aˆ?neoclassical, aˆ? as opposed to pure classicalism, as non every classical design was applied in this. Neoclassicists merely selected from the broad array of designs those executable to society. Neoclassicist designs were characterized as follows: symmetricalness, columns that functioned as support, minimalistic design composed of basic geometric forms, and an overlaid triangular gable normally known as pediment. The symmetricalness, functionality, and geometrical facets of the neoclassicist motion were specifying features of the Rationalist political orientation. [ 3 ]The Pediment [ 4 ] A Colu mn [ 5 ]Existing in the sixteenth century towards the apogee of the Renaissance period, Andrea Palladio was the first known designer to resuscitate and use the classical designs of Graeco-Roman society in many Villas, castles and basilicas. His architecture became an indispensable foundation of Enlightenment Architecture. As a dedicated follower of Vitruvius and his dateless rule of aˆ?firmitas, utilitas, venustas, aˆ? Palladio carefully ensured that his structural designs were lasting, utile, and attractive as stipulated by Vitruvius in his ten-volume chef-d'oeuvre aˆ?De Architectura.aˆ? Palladio was besides peculiar about proportions and seting a intent on every structural constituent. [ 6 ] For case, a portico or patio must be utilized in such a manner that the environing scenery was seen in its full glorification. He wanted geographical properties of the estate to fit with the house ‘s structural design. The palazzos, Villas and basilicas he designed displa yed the blending values of beauty and the societal environment and place of their several proprietors. An urban palazzo was different from a provincial palazzo ; similarly, an agricultural Villa was different from a residential Villa. Palladio designed constructions harmonizing to their context. [ 7 ] Palladio had contributed several design inventions in public edifices and churches. Most Palladian plants were made of low-cost stuffs, normally stucco, traditionally made with lime, sand and H2O, to cover and adhere bricks. His urban constructions for esteemed Venetian proprietors had high classical porticos with pediments that extended every bit far as the 2nd floor and were supported by elephantine colonnades. These porticos were raised above land degree and on the same degree as the remainder of the land floor. This raised floor called aˆ?piano nobile, aˆ? was reused in ulterior fluctuations of neoclassical architecture. Palazzo Chiericati in the metropolis of Vicenza was a all right illustration of this urban construction. [ 8 ]Palazzo Chiericati ( 1550-1557 ) [ 9 ]Rural Villas were instead different. Alternatively of the piano nobile, there was an elevated dais bordered by lower service wings, connected with an elegant curving flight of stepss. The proprietor maintained abode at the elevated part. Villa Foscari ( besides La Malcontenta ) was among the mid-16th century designs of Palladio that employed this celebrated edifice format.Villa Foscari ( 1559 ) [ 10 ]The 1570 publication of Palladio ‘s work aˆ?Quattro Libri dell'Architetturaaˆ? ( The Four Books of Architecture ) , stretched his influence far beyond his place state Italy. Palladio ‘s architectural drawings and treatments contained in the book set the phase for neoclassicist enlargement in the cardinal European states of France, Britain, Ireland, Spain and Germany. [ 11 ] Even more singular was his influence in colonial and post-colonial America, where his designs were replicated in the houses of well-known households, province edifices and even the private residence of Thomas Jefferson, the freedom President. [ 12 ] Along with Palladio ‘s treatise, the unearthing and find of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Roman towns destroyed by volcanic eruption during the classical period, was thought to animate the interior designs of eighteenth century European houses and buildings. [ 13 ]The Ruins of Pompeii [ 14 ] Interior View of a Herculaneum House [ 15 ]In Europe, neoclassicist architecture developed at different gaits. Some beginnings estimated that the motion reached its extremum in France with A†°tienne-Louis BoullA ©e and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The two designers followed rules of reason into their Classical divine designs. BoullA ©e was known for blending geometry with the standard classics. This original neoclassical divergence might hold been influenced by his work as an pedagogue and philosopher at aˆ?A†°cole Nationale des Ponts et ChaussA ©es.aˆ? Like most neoclassicists, his designs were minimalistic, devoid of ornamentation, bold plenty to reiterate certain structural constituents, particularly if they were functional ( i.e. columns ) , and sought to stress the intent of the construction and its parts. BoullA ©e besid es proposed a empty tomb, an about 500-foot sphere rooted on a unit of ammunition foundation, for the English scientist Isaac Newton. This was non executable to construct but as a professional engraving, the manner gained prominence. BoullA ©e ‘s plants were subsequently revived by twentieth century Positivists and more popularly by celebrated Modernist designer, Aldo Rossi. Contemporary designers found his designs alone and really imaginative – although some would see them aˆ?illusions of grandeur.aˆ? The HA?tel Alexandre in Paris, known for its flanking courtyard doors and Corinthian columns, was one of BoullA ©e ‘s lasting plants. [ 16 ] Cenotaph for Newton ( 1784 ) [ 17 ] HA?tel Alexandre ( 1763-66 ) [ 18 ]Like his compatriot, Ledoux was really idealistic in his architecture, ever desiring to aˆ?build with a purpose.aˆ? For this he and BoullA ©e were branded aˆ?Utopians.aˆ? [ 19 ] Ledoux designed many theaters, hotels, residential places, and edifices, supplied with rotundas, columns and domes from the Graeco-Roman period. His known architectural invention was the aˆ?architectonic order, aˆ? best exhibited through his design on the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans. He was appointed Royal Architect for the express intent of constructing a structural design for expeditiously pull outing salt. The Royal Saltworks became a important illustration of eighteenth century Architectural Rationalism for its extended usage of geometry and logical agreement of forms to ease the extraction and transit procedures. Another design was drawn after the first was disapproved. [ 20 ]Facade of the Royal Saltwork s, France [ 21 ]Aerial View of Ledoux ‘ Second Design ( 1804 ) [ 22 ]There were many other outstanding figures under the neoclassical motion but few were every bit Utopian as the plants of BoullA ©e and Ledoux. Gallic writer-teacher-architect Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand influenced several German Positivists by adding rules of economic system and convenience to the bing architectural Utopia. [ 23 ] The ulterior renderings of neoclassicism in Britain, America, and Spain disregarded the fond regard to symmetry and geometry that Palladio himself and the Gallic neoclassicists were really peculiar. However, they did retain much of the functionality facet. For illustration, neo-Palladian British designers William Kent and Indigo Jones invented the flanking wings to give more infinite in the house inside. [ 24 ] This concern for using infinite was still an original of eighteenth century Rationalism.twentieth Century Rationalismtwentieth century Rationalist architecture was interchange ably called Neo-Rationalist. Although the designs were different from eighteenth century rationalism, neo-Rationalists continued to pattern of import rules of Rationalist Architecture. The simplistic signifier and ornamentation was still retained ; the functionality facet became known as aˆ?theme.aˆ? In fact, as many historiographers claimed, neo-Rationalism was an development of eighteenth century Enlightenment Architecture. [ 25 ] The demand to warrant architectural plants remained strong as it had so. The Enlightenment brought about the Industrial Revolution around 18th-19th centuries. The effects lasted and were carried over to the twentieth century, where industrialisation became a craze. Economic promotion was no longer associated with brick and wood but with new elements like steel, Fe and glass. As industrialisation reached its extremum in the twentieth century, the turning importance of machinery led to the development of an aˆ?industrial architecture, aˆ? c omposed of those new elements. [ 26 ] Modernism was the dominant rationalist motion of the 1900s. It fundamentally aimed to use new stuffs suited to the spirit of industrialisation and free designers from the bondage of manners, which curtailed single touches. The plants of early Modernists Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in Germany and Frenchman Le Corbusier were largely merchandises of socio-political revolutions. Following World War I, the German Modernist ventured into new constructions that aˆ?meet societal needs.aˆ? [ 27 ] The Bauhaus design school resulted from this venture. Bauhaus became identified as the aˆ?International Style, aˆ? adopted by many Modern structural designs in assorted states. [ 28 ] The following are celebrated illustrations of Bauhaus architecture:The UN New York Base by Le Corbusier [ 29 ] The Gropius Residence in Lincoln [ 30 ]The International Style was characterized by rational rules of minimal art and functional design and construction. Neoclassic pediments, co lumns and flanking wings were replaced by rectangular forms of concrete cement, steel, and other new elements. There were barely hints of peculiar civilizations or societal context and a impersonal architecture that was universally applicable prevailed. [ 31 ] Modernists like Frank Lloyd Wright tried to equilibrate nature and structural designs. [ 32 ] Later, Postmodernist motions emerged to deconstruct the catholicity of Bauhaus and inculcate aˆ?local identitiesaˆ? into modern architecture so it can link with people ‘s sentiments. [ 33 ] Aldo Rossi, Italian theorist-architect-designer-artist, was among the famed Postmodernists. His valuable part to urban architecture was constructing modern-day constructions without pretermiting the historical value of the metropolis or site where it would be built. He stressed the societal significance of memorials and graveyards and besides advocated that constructions be strong plenty for wining coevalss to witness. [ 34 ] San Cataldo Cemetery expanded by Rossi ( 1971 ) [ 35 ] Bonnefanten Museum, Maastricht by Rossi ( 1990-1994 ) [ 36 ]Decision18th and twentieth century Architectural Rationalists are linked by the ancient rules of aˆ?utilitas, firmitas, venustas.aˆ? Their several motions were by and large non-ornamental and utile in construction, design and subject. In the country of symmetricalness, the usage of geometrical forms, and projecting cultural and single sentiments, the two Rationalist governments differ. eighteenth century Positivists were unified in recommending truth and beauty in architecture while neo-Rationalists had single contradictions. [ 37 ] Nevertheless, both strands justified Architecture ‘s major functions in society and in people ‘s lives. [ 1 ] Hackett Lewis. ( 1992 ) aˆ?The age if enlightenment, aˆ? History World International at hypertext transfer protocol: //history-world.org/age_of_enlightenment.htm [ 2 ] Steve Fallon & A ; Nicola Williams. ( 2008 ) Paris: metropolis usher, United Kingdom, Lonely Planet Publications, p. 48. [ 4 ] University of Pittsburgh at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pitt.edu/~medart/menuglossary/pediment.htm [ 5 ] Old House Web at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oldhouseweb.com/architecture-and-design/greek-revival-1820-1850.shtml [ 6 ] Bernd Evers, Christof Thoenes & A ; Kunstbibliothek. ( 2003 ) Architectural theory: from the Renaissance to the present, Germany, TASCHEN pp. 6-7. [ 7 ] Sam Smiles & A ; Stephanie Moser. ( 2005 ) Visualizing the yesteryear: archeology and the image, Maine, Blackwell Publishing pp. 98-114. [ 8 ] Douglas Lewis, Andrea Palladio & A ; International Exhibitions Foundation. ( 1981 ) The drawings of Andrea Palladio, Texas, The Foundation, pp. 158-163. [ 9 ] Essential Architecture at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-E14.htm [ 11 ] Caroline Clifton-Mogg. ( 1991 ) The neoclassical beginning book, New York, Rizzoli, pp. 88-175. [ 12 ] David Watkin. ( 2005 ) A history of western architecture, London, Laurence King pp. 114-513. [ 13 ] H. Keethe Beebe. ( 1975 ) aˆ?Domestic Architecture and the New Testament, aˆ? The Biblical Archeologists, volume 38, figure 3/4, pp. 89-104. [ 14 ] Virtual Tourist at hypertext transfer protocol: //cache.virtualtourist.com/1898061-Pompeii-Pompeii.jpg [ 16 ] Helen Rosenau. ( 1976 ) BoullA ©e & A ; airy architecture, New York, Harmony Books pp. 1-27. [ 19 ] Barry Bergdoll. ( 2000 ) European architecture, 1750-1890, New York, Oxford University Press p. 97. [ 20 ] Elizabeth Basye Gilmore Holt. ( 1966 ) From the classicists to the impressionists: art and architecture in the 19th century, Connecticut, Yale University Press pp. 227-311. [ 21 ] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at hypertext transfer protocol: //whc.unesco.org/en/list/203 [ 23 ] Joy Monice Malnar & A ; Frank Vodvarka. ( 2004 ) Sensor design, Minneapolis, The University of Minnesota Press p. 8. [ 24 ] Inigo Jones, William Kent. ( 1727 ) The designs of Inigo Jones: consisting of programs and lifts for publick, England, W. Kent pp. 1-73. [ 25 ] Christopher Crouch. ( 2000 ) Modernism in Art Design and Architecture, New York, St. Martin ‘s Press pp. 1-10. [ 26 ] aˆ?Industrial architecture, aˆ? EncyclopA ¦dia Britannica Online at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286910/industrial-architecture [ 27 ] Richard J. Evans. ( 2003 ) The coming of the 3rd Reich, New York, The Penguin Press, pp. 122-123. [ 28 ] Henry Russell Hitchcock & A ; Philip Johnson. ( 1997 ) The International Style, New York, W. W. Norton & A ; Company, pp. 1-5. [ 29 ] aˆ?International Styleaˆ? at hypertext transfer protocol: //architecture.about.com/od/20thcenturytrends/ig/Modern-Architecture/International-Style.htm [ 30 ] The Digital Archive of American Architecture at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/gropius.html [ 31 ] Hazel Conway & A ; Rowan Roenisch. ( 1994 ) Understanding architecture: an debut to architecture and architectural history, London, Routledge pp. 22-24. [ 32 ] Kathleen Karlsen. aˆ?Saving Civilization Through Architecture – Rationalism and the International Style, aˆ? at hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? Saving-Civilization-Through-Architecture — -Rationalism-and-the-International-Style & A ; id=888138 [ 33 ] Hazel Conway & A ; Rowan Roenisch. ( 1994 ) Understanding architecture: an debut to architecture and architectural history, London, Routledge pp. 22. [ 34 ] Terry Kirk. ( 2005 ) The architecture of modern Italy, volume 2: visions of utopia 1900-present, New York, Princeton University Press pp. 208-214. [ 35 ] Cornell University Blog at hypertext transfer protocol: //blogs.cornell.edu/tim/2008/09/21/cities-sites/ [ 36 ] Brian Rose at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brianrose.com/portfolio/bonnefanten/bonnefan.htm [ 37 ] Sarah Williams Goldhagen. aˆ?Ultraviolet: Alvar Aalto ‘s corporal Rationalism, aˆ? Harvard Design Magazine at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sarahwilliamsgoldhagen.com/articles/Ultraviolet.pdf

Federalist Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federalist Politics - Essay Example They were instrumental in gaining popular support for a large republic. The Federalist #10 is an important document as it set out the framework for how we view special interests, majority rule, and where the power in government will reside. A major portion of the Federalist papers defined the nature of special interest groups. Madison termed them factions and warned of their ability to wield undue influence. Factions are known by the more modern term special interest groups. By concentrating money and political power a small minority can have a great impact on laws and legislation. Factions can bring about corruption and give a voice to a segment of the population that is unduly loud in comparison with the one man one vote philosophy that underpins our constitutional system. Small, well organized factions can influence local politics, elect friendly delegates, and promote laws that are favorable to their cause. In this process the average voter is shut out from the system of government and it is given over to a form of tyranny. Factions have two main impacts on the constitutional system. It has the causes, which are the organized groups attempting to subvert the system, and the results which Madison termed the effects. Madison was realistic in his analyzing of the causes and effects. He understood that there could be no law against special interest groups working to forward their agenda. ... In creating a constitutional government where factions could have their least effect, Madison examined the Democracy and the Republic. Democracy is inherently the most fair to the majority, and the most expedient. Democracy also carries with it the dangers of mob rule. It locks out the interests of the minority and does not consider individual freedom. A democracy has the ability and the function of eliminating dissent and minority viewpoints. In Madison's view this was the biggest threat of a democratic form of government. While a Democracy carried with it the threat of the majority usurping the rights of the minority, a Republic carries with it the opportunity for rule by a select few. Representative Republicanism was the lesser of the two evils as Madison viewed it. A Republic that was represented by local representatives would help establish a balance between the majority and the rights of the minority. Spreading out the political power geographically and demographically would help deter the majority from gaining absolute rule. Madison foresaw the weakness of a republic becoming elitist and ruled by factions. However, his vision of a large republic helps to minimize the effects of rule by a few special interests. Madison believed that factions could not overtake a large republic. While they may be able to promote local support, on the federal stage the constitutional form of government and the balance of power would limit their influence. When compared to a democracy, a republic was more beneficial to the people. The larger the republic, the less vulnerable to undue influence by factions it would have. Madison's Federalist #10 helped set the tone for our constitutional form of government we have today. While

Filling out application form for SOCIAL WORK COURSE Essay

Filling out application form for SOCIAL WORK COURSE - Essay Example often asked and which are required to be answered in application forms are designed to help the institution that is admitting these students assess the candidates and also to provide an opportunity for the students to determine if they are indeed interested in the course or vocation that they will like to develop themselves. In this essay, some questions that are required to be answered for admission to a social work degree are considered and possible answers provided, with due regard to the background of the candidate filing out the form. This brief essay presents some appropriate responses to questions related to a social work case which may be required to be discussed as a part of the entrance requirements to a degree course in Social Work at a British university. Whereas those who may respond to the questions related to the social work case that is being discussed may have a GCE ‘A’ – level education and varied work experience, the social work case that is required to be discussed is considered from the perspective of a candidate for admission who is from a minority Asian background and hence the candidate is better able to appreciate the peculiarities of the culture of the Indian Sub-Continent, along with the peculiarities of the British culture. The candidate is a second generation migrant to the United Kingdom who was born and bred in the United Kingdom, but was raised in her home environment which is a reflection of the culture of the Indian Sub-Continent. Such individuals, who have an inte rest in social work, can prove to be invaluable for conducting social work in the United Kingdom, because they have the capacity of being able to understand both the British and the Indian cultural traditions. These individuals can serve as a bridge between communities and not only assist in the assimilation of migrants from different background into the multicultural British community, but also help those migrants who have now grown old and are in need of

Michelangelo's Statue of David Personal Statement

Michelangelo's Statue of David - Personal Statement Example There was not enough physical power in the city and the citizens were hoping for a power of their minds only. Cunningness and cleverness were two basic means for Firenze citizens to gain power over their enemies. Michelangelo dared to depict a mental power of citizens and to show that a beautiful body can have a cunning mind, which can gain victory over more powerful enemies. The superior enemies could have been fought only through some unusual strategies. Michelangelo’s David was identified with strength and anger. It was unusual for time of the artist to show the dominance of the nation through numerous political connotations, which were evident in the statue. Actually, the main intention of the artist was to create a symbol of power and strength of the citizens. The project of this statue was initiated long ago and Michelangelo implemented his ideas in already existent statue. Numerous artists worked at it. Donatello and Agostino di Duccio were the first ones to work at the statue. di Duccio was responsible for creation of the legs of the statue. Antonio Rossellino continued his ideas, but a final masterpiece was finished and polished by Michelangelo (Lieberman 2001, p. 67). A body of a young man is preparing for the battle with Goliath and it can be seen in his brave appearance. A spirit of intensity can be seen in bulging veins on a hand and his leaning body. It looks like David gets prepared for a serious and a decisive action. There are certain features, which were appropriate for the epoch of Michelangelo. Thus, a position of the contrapposto was relevant to the High Renaissance. He leans on his right leg and hi left leg is relaxed. We can see that a left arm is in motion and his right hand hangs along his body. It is very natural of a person, who is ready for action and is thinking about his further actions. For the contemporaries it is unusual to find that David was on alert and made attempt to attack his enemies. They are more focused on his s erenity and beauty of body lines. What is weird about this statue is that David has unrealistic proportions. The lower parts of the body are smaller than a head and the upper part of the body. Hands of David seem to be very large too. Initially, there was an intention to place this statue high on a church and then parts of the body would have looked accurate. The real king David was circumcised, but the statue is not. This triggers other controversies. Unfortunately, in the modern times a statue was attacked by the vandals and in 1991 some toes of the left foot were damaged. A power of beauty is combined in the works by Michelangelo with a power of expressivity, feelings and a proper balancing (Condivi 1999, p. 57). These features are beyond traditions of Greek classicism. The facial expression was unusual for Greek sculpture and a power of David is found in his restrain and inner ability of self- and energy control. His power is in his serenity. He looks calm and his eyes are fixed on his enemy, but he is not scared at all. The muscles of the forehead reflect his inner emotional tension (Olson 1992, p. 65). We can suppose that he feels anger and frustration. Michelangelo invented a central axis positioning of the statue. For example, the right side reflects serenity, while the left side reflects dynamism and activity. The viewers cannot see both David’s eyes. His right eye is focused on Goliath and the left eye stays fixed. Michelangelo played with different artistic

Violent Computer Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Violent Computer Games - Essay Example â€Å"On average, there is a significant tendency for the studies to yield an increase in aggression by those who have played the violent games," said Craig Anderson, an Iowa State University professor and leading researcher on the effects of media violence.† (Violent computer games under Attack). There are enough evidences which prove that playing violent computer games give rise to violence in the society. This is extremely bad for the society, it is high time that this is realized and something should be done about it sooner rather than later.   Every coin is two sided, playing computer games also has benefits. It relaxes a person and it is very entertaining to play games. The relaxation derived from playing games is immense and cannot be out into words. Research also proves that playing games makes the mind sharper and the response rate of the mind goes up by a significant level. â€Å"Nottingham Trent University professor Mark Griffiths said they can be a powerful dist raction for youngsters undergoing painful cancer treatment. He also argues games can help develop social skills for children with attention disorders including autism. Mr Griffith's claims are made in the British Medical Journal out on Friday. The professor of gambling studies at Nottingham Trent University said more research must be done into both the positive and negative effects of gaming. Violent computer games should be banned considering their impact on the society, so far we have been the architects of our own destruction.

The Non-Smoking Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 27

The Non-Smoking Policy - Case Study Example These are the people who will be affected by the cost of healthcare that results from smoking. Smoking in the company will affect or harm the non-smokers in the company (second-hand smoking). Non-smokers will have to put have at the risk of smoking-related illness even when they do not smoke. There is a conflict of interest between the employees and the company as employees feel that random testing and smoking ban is a violation of their rights while the employers believe that the policy is for the benefit of the employees. There exists a tension between the rights of the employees and those of the employer. There are no rights that are being ignored, and no one is failing in his or her obligation. The policy is aimed at ensuring a level playing field for all employees (fairness) - to prevent second-hand smoking and first-hand smoking effects. The issue is an ethical issue arising here is whether those employees who are smokers are being discriminated in the workplace. The issue aris ing, in this case, is the cause of the tension between the rights of the employer and the rights of the employee. Â  The possible alternative to the status quo of the affected employees is quit working at Weyco Inc. and seek for a job at the other USA states where measures against smokers are prohibited. The alternative to the status quo of the company is to fire the employees who violate the non-smoking policy for as long as they do not violate the discrimination laws. To achieve a compromise, both the employer and the employees should arrive at a consensus on the way forward. For example, the employer will have to employ a wellness program that will reward those employees who make lifestyle choices that are deemed to be healthy as part of its occupational health and safety.

Nursing Infomatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Infomatics - Assignment Example Nursing informatics is concerned with the question, "How many times does a nurse have to click a mouse" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). The need for nurses to be technologically savvy is more important than ever. Nursing informatics can help patients receive a better quality of care. Nursing informatics includes "how nurses gather and record information tohelp improve patient health care" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). What does nursing informatics include Nursing informatics includes: "implementation of information technologyoptimizing information management and communication[and utilizing] electronic records" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). Why is this included in the curriculum Nursing informatics should be included in the curriculum because all nurses in practice today should be familiar with how to use technology in the workplace in order to help their patients and make everyones' lives more efficient and easier. Whether it be use of an IV pump or an electronic thermometer, every technology makes things easier for the nurse and the nurse is always going to encounter technology on-the-job (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). This makes the necessity of including informatics in the nursing curriculum even more important. As technology changes, so does the field of nursing. ... 1). This makes the necessity of including informatics in the nursing curriculum even more important. The good informatics nurse "understands theory, implementation, [and] evaluating outcomes" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). This is what the curriculum will teach the nursing student. As technology changes, so does the field of nursing. Although there is no way to predict what the future holds in technology, the role of the nurse in informatics is to continually be attempting to bridge the gap between technology and clinical practice, communicating with both arenas (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). So what lies in the future The future of informatics is to create a more efficient health care system with information technology, specifically: systems that are multi-layered so there are no separate electronic charts; synthesization and interfacing systems which are seamless; basic language within a unified system; and best practices in informatics (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). How can one expect a nursing student to benefit from taking this course The answer is simple: patient care will be improved. As one nurse said it best, "The more we have at our fingertipsthe better we are going to be able to take care of that patient" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). C. How this Course Fits with the Philosophy of the Nursing Program and College as a Whole. Nurses today must be trained so that they are competent when they go out into the field. Nurses are often the "liaison between information technology and real nursing" (Giannini, 2010, p. 1). In order that competent nurses are trained properly with regard to technology, all nursing curricula should include a course on nursing informatics. A competent individual in nursing informatics is

CIS Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CIS Questions - Coursework Example Determine if they can be used simultaneously in a page. If so, explain which of the two takes precedence over the other. Javascript is utilized for one line and customization where CSS is utilized in multiple webpages to ensure that aesthetics of a page are consistent. Javascript is utilized more for web page validation and action whereas CSS is used for style and design. 12. Imagine that you designed a Website for a client using JavaScript to make animated snowflakes fall on the page. When you test the page, the animations do not work. Predict what the problem could be and propose a solution. 13. Analyze some of the limitations a Web designer should be aware of before adding JavaScript to a Website. Determine if these limitations outweigh the benefits of using JavaScript. Explain your decision. From the server or client side, the processing power can be a huge factor. Additionally, web pages with many scripts. It can take a long process to execute because of the algorithm that it must process. 14. From the second e-Activity, identify a company (bank, car wash, travel agency, nonprofit, restaurant, etc.). Keeping that company in mind, select the client-side or server-side scripting you would most likely use, and why. Or you can explain the client-side or server-side scripting you would not use, and why not. I used to take this course as a Business Analysis and specialized in e-marketing which allowed me to harness my growth in this realm. My future position will IT director in BA. The demand for Business Administration undoubtedly has boomed over the recent years along with marketing. It is one of the best scope in the commerce market for various reasons First and foremost, the specialization of marketing in BA is a perfect fit in e-commerce. I will be exposed to many realms of technology that exploits many channels of the business. In the modern century, internet marketing has become one

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward Essay

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward - Essay Example The Island was a landmark of God's magnificence but due to large deforestation by local inhabitants and changes in climatic patterns causing rains to stop resulted in forests being wiped off from the island's face. The inhabitants thus had nothing to feed on and in the end, they started feeding on other humans. Thus man became an animal. The present deforestation in the Amazon is leading a path to a similar future because at the current rate it is predicted that in a couple of decades the forest will reduce by 40% in size. This will cause a dramatic shift in the carbon-absorbing pattern of the area and consequently, the temperatures there will rise to make it harder for the rest of the 60% of the remaining forest to survive (Wright & Nebel, 2007). The decline will, therefore, be at an exponential rate consequently resulting in the elimination of the Amazon from the face of the earth. The fact that government laws allow such developments to take place is most alarming. It is legally allowed to clear the forest by any means if the intention is to grow crops (soybeans in this case) and this results in the ownership of the land furthermore, cleared land is worth more and forested land so owners who wish to keep their property in good value, do not let the forest reclaim ‘their’ place naturally. This shows a sense of heightened selfishness in the local population of Brazil. Clearly, the concept of alternative resources is not a very popular practice and the locals are bent upon destroying the forest without being aware of the disastrous consequences just like the old tribes of Easter Island.

The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

The Catcher in the Rye Essay In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, is put through the harsh reality that is life. Holden is kicked out of school and must make his way back to New York to tell his parents the upsetting news, but he first spends a few days finding himself along the way in the Big Apple. He spends these days thinking and seeing first-hand what the adult world is like, consistently reinforcing his belief that the real world is fake. His hatred for people in general is only bested by his hate for those whom he considers to be phonies, which is just about everyone he meets throughout the novel. Salinger uses strong irony, complex characterization, and a specific setting to display Holden Caulfield’s strong hatred towards people that are phonies and prove that no one is immune to the phoniness. A great deal of the irony in Salinger’s novel arises from Holden’s attitude towards adulthood. He spends most of the novel explaining why adults have ruined his life and yearning to be an innocent child again, yet he himself shows signs of acting and feeling like an adult. The first ironic sequence therefore comes into play when Holden arrives in New York: â€Å"He tries to use the partial appearance of adulthood to his advantage, for example by standing up to show the [bartender] his grey hair† (Gesler 407). This scene shows that in some respects Holden wishes to be an adult, and to enjoy the perks that come with age, but his ideal lifestyle would be that of a child. Children are pure in Holden’s eyes and haven’t succumbed to the darkness that is society. But this isn’t the last time Holden tries to act old; he also invites a prostitute to his room at his hotel. Sunny, the prostitute, arrives and tries to come on to him her so that she can get the job done, but Holden refuses. He can’t have sex with this random woman because Holdens kind of clear-thinking reacts against sex without love, against unclean personal habits, against any manner of rudeness. † (Moore 162). This is ironic because Holden speaks out against things like sex without live but still invites a hooker to his room. There is more irony to this, though: Holden reacts against rudeness in his mind, but inside he is not a very pleasant guy. He is very smart and knows how to act in front of people but he looks down upon almost every person he passes. When he is meeting with his sister, Phoebe, for the first time in the book, she stops him in the middle of a sentence and asks the very straightforward question of whether or not there is anything in the world Holden actually likes, and he struggles very much to find an answer for this. Holden’s entire experience of a few days in New York is based around the fact that he thinks that everyone besides him is a phony, but ironically enough, he is a phony. He lies to himself, and convinces himself that he is not a phony and that his ideal life would be lived in the innocence of a child, when in reality he just goes out into public and pretends to be older than he really is so that he can associate with adults. His admitted worst fault is that he is completely infatuated with a girl named Sally Hayes. Ironically while he calls her the â€Å"queen of the phonies,† he admits that he would marry her on the spot and even â€Å"proposes to Sally that they go off to New England together to live a Farewell to Arms sort of idyllic life† (Trowbridge 686). This is the epitome of an ironic sequence: a boy who could go on forever about how he hates the real world and how it corrupts people into phonies, proposing to a girl whom he refers to one of the phoniest of them all! While his wanting to go out of the country was escaping the phoniness, he himself is ironically being a phony by being in love with a phony. The in-depth characterization of Holden Caulfield has led him to be one of the most well-known and remembered fictional literary characters of all time. Everything about him relates to his hatred of society, adults, and especially phonies. First off, Holden doesn’t believe that school is something that will help him in life, and that it is just something that society is making him do because everyone has to do it. Any part of society, in Holden’s mind, is a bad thing that will corrupt people. Holden’s attitude towards the phoniness of adults is shown early on in the book before he leaves Pencey Prep when he is speaking to his teacher, Mr. Spencer.  Spencer tells Holden that life is a game, and you have to play by the rules. Holden agrees but in his head thinks, â€Å"Game, my ass†¦if you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it’s a game all right†¦but if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot-shots, then what’s a game about it? Nothing. No game† (Salinger 12). This is not only directly shooting down advice that an elder has just given him, trying to help Holden out, but it is also showing Holden’s view on life as a whole. Holden doesn’t believe there is opportunity; there are fake people with money and power, and people who don’t have money and power. This shows his disgust for humans, especially adults. Quite possibly the best example of Holden’s distaste for adults comes from a scene where he doesn’t even see anyone doing anything disgusting, where no adult is actually doing anything wrong. A few nights before he returns to his home for good, Holden sneaks into his house to see his baby sister Phoebe. During this sequence Holden looks into his sister’s room and sees her sleeping and quickly notices that â€Å"adults, they look lousy when they’re asleep and they have their mouths way open, but kids don’t. Kids look all right. † (Salinger 207). This is the first time in the novel that the reader gets contact between Holden and a child, and he believes that even when the child is sleeping it is better than an adult. Just the very sight of an adult’s mouth being open while he or she sleeps disgusts Holden, while he notes that a child could drool all over itself while he or she sleeps and still look innocent. This is the same scene where Holden and Phoebe get to talk for the first time in the novel. After talking for a brief moment Phoebe becomes aggravated at Holden’s disgust for almost anything in the world and asks him if there’s anything he likes, if there’s anything he likes to do. Holden admits to his sister that the same scene keeps playing through his head; he is in a field of rye with thousands of little kids running around and playing, where he says â€Å"I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over—I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them† (Salinger 224-225). Holden is so attached to the idea of innocence and that society corrupts children and turns them into things they’re not, into phonies, that all he can think about is being able to save every child in the world from falling into the traps of society. The setting in The Catcher in the Rye is very important, not only because of the terrible side of New York City, but also because it’s where Holden is from and it is what he knows. New York in itself is made for adults; there’s not much a child can do there in the first place. It is also a land of the rich, famous, and fake. People in New York tend to be full of themselves because they think that their role in the city means more than the next guy’s. This ties into Holden’s childhood and how he has grown up living among the very people he hates, the phonies. The Museum of Natural History is one of Holden’s favorite places in the world; it is where he went when he was younger to escape from the city. During his few days living on his own in New York, Holden decided to take a tour of the museum again and ran into a few children when he was there. He took the children to where the mummies were kept on their request and they ran away in fear of the dark room. It is here where Holden notices the words â€Å"Fuck You† written on the wall in the sarcophagus room. He believes that only a phony trying to show off for a friend would do such a thing but that it could happen anywhere. Holden is so convinced that the world doesn’t care about anything that he says: â€Å"†¦If I ever die†¦and I have a tombstone and all, it’ll say â€Å"Holden Caulfield† on it, and then what year I was born and what year I died, and then right under that it’ll say â€Å"Fuck you† (Salinger 264). He is so convinced that society has lost all manners and has no care in the world what it offends that he is certain his gravestone will be defiled while he rests under it. The setting also leads the reader to a character that convinces Holden that there are no good adults, that everyone is a phony. Holden takes it upon himself to go see his old friend and ex-teacher, Mr. Antolini and his wife. He spends a long time having dinner with the couple before Mrs. Antolini goes to bed and leaves Mr. Antolini and Holden to talk about guy stuff. Holden spends some time explaining what he sees wrong with society and Mr. Antolini answers his problems by saying, â€Å"Among other things, you’ll find that you’re not the first person who was ever confused and frightened and even sickened by human behavior† (Salinger 246). Holden looks up to his old teacher and takes these words to heart, that a lot of people are dissatisfied with society and the grotesqueness of people. Holden then spends that night at the Antolini’s home and is awoken in the middle of the night by Mr. Antolini stroking his hand through Holden’s hair. Scared off by his old teacher’s homosexual advance, Holden leaves the house. This is most dissatisfying to Holden because someone he considered to be a wise friend ended up being a phony as well. Holden Caulfield is disgusted at the very thought of phoniness and his eliefs that society makes people fake and that all adults are bad people eventually leads him to believe that almost everyone is a phony, even though at the same time he is a phony because he himself acts as much like an adult as he can. The fact that the book takes place, for the most part, in New York City greatly adds to Holden’s hatred of phonies because it is a city filled with people, most of them fake. Overall the book plays around that Holden wishes he could stop children from becoming adults so that society would not be able to corrupt them and they would not become phonies like the rest of the world.

Benefits of Art in Education

Benefits of Art in Education In the following text will be announcement about art and how it influences in develop of creativity and intelligence in the kids. The human being always has been in contact with the art since we were born for that reason art has a huge impact in us. Each people born with innate ability of create but with the pass of the years this has lost. When we incorporate art in academic develop the students have a best interpersonal relationship and also their brain development is better. In addition the implementation of art in the schools have been increasing obtaining excellent results to academic level and also there is a new technical for better our education system across of games. This technical is called ludic learning that is based in games of this forms the students can learning better are be more outgoing also put more attention in their classes because they are not stressful nor boring. There they develop their creativity and imagination. For this reason, art is fundamental for grow th intellectual in the kids. Since every human being had born with an innate ability of imagination and create. For that reason art, music, even sports always they were with us. The obsolete education system leaves aside our innate ability of relationship and its focus on the critical and rational thing. Subjects like mathematics, chemistry and physics have greater relevance than art, music and sports but this will change. All the people around the world are completely different is for this reason we need different form of teach because each people learn of different way. Art is a fundamental tool for better in the intellectual growth of the children. The actual schools should founded the develop of art in the classes because of this form the kids can better their abilities like reason and their creativity and this away could be in the future a excellences people that they have good interpersonal relationship and also be good professionals. Art could be work it since a very young age because it encourages develop childrens brain. Allowing them develop right hemisphere and so to have a vast intelligence to expand others skills like relationship between people, capacity for to lean others languages, even their self-esteem is better. Also, art acts positively in the life of the people because many people have fallen in drug addition, vandalism between others, but they have been able leave this thanks the positively encourage of art. When we grow up lost our innate skills of imagine and create, but if we develop the abilities of children since very young with games, paintings, etc. They can better these abilities. According to the National Institutes of Health, developmental milestones around age three should include drawing a circle and beginning to use safety scissors. Around age four, children may be able to draw a square and begin cutting straight lines with scissors. Many preschool programs emphasize the use of scissors because it develops the dexterity children will need for writing. For this way we can improving their develop of brain and have a better education though art. ( Lynch, G. 2012) A report by Americans for the Arts states that young people who participate regularly in the arts (three hours a day on three days each week through one full year) are four times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement. To participate in a math and science fair or to win an award for writing an essay or poem than children who do not participate. (Lynch, G. 2012). When the art is in the schools the students are more relaxed because across of art they can express their ideas and feel more rested. Nowadays our interpersonal relationship is broken because the people prefer their computer or use internet. But this can change across the art. Art is the door of our things and feelings. Many people cannot have a good relationship with words, this was because when they was children cannot express their feelings but if we teach kids others ways to express their feelings we can improve the interpersonal relationship. According to choreographer, Diana F. Green (2015) Art like dance uses the body as an instrument the body could be a form to express their feelings and for this way they improving their emotional intelligence. Current research have revealed the importance of the arts implementation in the schools as tool for intellectual growth in kids. In fact, the artistic disciplines are involved in pedagogical practices. They infuse the creative think in the children. Besides this develops a deep think, less systematic. Likewise, the children can find many ways for resolve a problem because art is joined with creativity and further enhances growth of the intellectual development. There are many researches that exposes that children influenced for music have better grades in their schools. An article published in 2009 by Kimberly L. music and apprenticeship show that neuroscience society found some areas of our brain that involve movement and coordination are better in musical people and less in common people. In addition many experts recommend to parents make listen classic and harmonic music to their children. Of this away their sensory, emotional and auditory teaches is developed. Through of time the education system has been changed. For this reason countries like Finland has art, music and sports involved the academic life of the students. They since have started their studies have a lot of hours for developing their imagination and creativity through of paint, play an instrument, write and others. Also, it has been implemented a new art of teaching called playful learning. This new form of teaching is based on touch with games. It makes the kids learn very quickly and better. In the same way, has been inserted in the school this method is getting huge results. The students pay more attention and are very outgoing in classes because when they make games like teaching they are more open to learning and their stress levels are drastically reduced. Between these playful practices, art is always present because it allows to expand our skylines on the subject of teaching. According an article by the magazine Artz said demonstrates intelligences relation to creativity, one that is vital for not only understanding creative thinking, but for improving it. The creativity which encompasses art and imagination are tightly join to intelligence. At present it is not enough be only a genius, but also have the capacity to relate to people, of expanding your ideas, or create and invent. In addition many people around the world thing that art does not have any bonding with the intelligence but this is not correct because the artist people development more parts of their brain that ordinal people. Also, the art can take us away is so in the newspaper called el comercio it said Quito urban places has transform in a canvas of a new form of language (Flores G., 2016). Ecuador is changing its form of seeing this street art because art symbolizes for artist a form to express their feelings, a develop emotional intelligence. Is for that thanks to a lot of graffiti paintings in the capital has led Ecuador to be recognized internationally for its art. In conclusion, the human being always had a need to show that their feelings of different forms. For that we born with an innate ability to create that it is reflected in the art. However, art for many years was separate from intelligence because thought that they are things completely different. Nowadays, and thanks many researches and experiments had been determined that art and intelligent go hand in hand. It is more people do not just involve the science, but also their art. They develop do not only left hemisphere, but also right hemisphere. It gives them as result the increase of some abilities that with the pass of the years and for many factors they had lost it. In addition, many experts say that stimulating babies with music, art and others positively affects the brain of the children as it enhances the cognitive response of the right hemisphere. It is for this reason that the implementation of art as an aid to improve intelligence has been incorporated in schools where children from an early age are motivated with games, songs, paintings, etc. To learn from what they have obtained very good results because the students are more relaxed and pay more attention to a didactic class than an absolute. In addition, thanks to the involvement of art in schools, children are not only educated to be great professionals, but also develop as people because through art their ability to create and imagine, their interpersonal relationship improves are less systematic. Fortunately art is no longer left aside, but rather placed as an importance in the development of the child since it has come to take the place that corresponds because without art, without creativity the intelligence would not develop completely, in fact the Creativity allows us to look at other ways, other ways to reach the same goal, this is extremely important in the intelligence of the people because it allows us to be human beings with a greater reasoning and a criterion more vast when making decisions. References: Cooper, B. (2013, November 20). 8 Surprising Ways Music Affects and Benefits our Brains. . Retrieved November 19, 2016, from https://blog.bufferapp.com/music-and-the-brain. Flores, G. (2016, January 09) El arte urbano de Quito es reconocido internacionalmente. Retroceded November 19, 2016, from http://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/arteurbano-quito-grafiti-warmipaint-detonarte.html Jurvetson, S. (2013, January 21). The relationship between creativity and intelligence. Retrieved November 19,2016, from http://creativesomething.net/post/41103661291/the-relationship-between-creativity-and Reyes, f. (2014, October 17). El aprendizaje là ºdico: una novedosa estrategia de capacitacià ³n. Retrieved November 19, 2016, Wai, j. (2011, April 12). If you are creative, are you also intelligent? Retrieved November 19, 2016, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/finding-the-next-einstein/201104/if-you-are-creative-are-you-also-intelligent. from https://sp-marketing.com/el-aprendizaje-ludico-como-estrategia-de-capacitacion/

Karl Marx Continuation Of The Enlightenment Sociology Essay

Karl Marx Continuation Of The Enlightenment Sociology Essay Karl Marx is regarded as one of the classics of sociology. His social thought, considered one of the most important social theories, was a humanistic theory, concentrated on the condition of society and a place of individual in social structure. Marx is known as one of the greatest ideologists of the nineteen century. His political theory was revolutionary. As a sociologist though, he is regarded to be a great heir of Enlightenment  [1]  , using and developing key concepts of the eighteen century thinkers. This paper is aimed to discuss Karl Marx theory in comparison to the Enlightenment philosophy. I will try to answer a question: to what extend Marx work inherited from the Enlightenment thinkers? In order to that I will discuss the key concepts of the Enlightenment that were further developed in Marxs works. In the following part of the paper I will compare the ideas of the eighteen century thinkers with Marx theory, in regard to notions of progress, social structure, religion, science, materialism, state and individualism. Social development, progress and social change The theory of social development and progress was the key concept of the Enlightenment  [2]  . The experience of Renaissance recovery from the dark ages, rediscovery of antique philosophy, the expansion of colonialism and exploration of non-European cultures, violated established order and lead to expansion of new ideas doubting tradition. The Enlightenment recognized that human history changes and that societies experience material and mental, moral or philosophical progress. It became clear, that modernity is just another stage of development, that does not lead the end of history, but might be as well a beginning of some better, new society. Eighteen century thinkers considered reason as the leading force of change, believing, that human knowledge and consciousness may develop linearly. Since the Enlightenment was an age of science and reason, philosophers tend to classify and order possessed knowledge. That lead to a few theories of historical stages development of societies that arranged historical periods in progressive order  [3]  . Marx inherited from the Enlightenment that linear and deterministic perspective on development of societies, building his theory on the idea of progress. In his works he wrote about successive stages of development of societies: primitive society, feudalism, capitalism (bourgeois formation), socialism and communism. He abandoned the concept of reason as the leading force of progress, though. For Marx the key force of development was ownership and mode of production emerging from it. HeEach of the stages presented different social relations, policies, politics and consciousness all of which resulting from economic relations. The mode of production representing each of historical formation of society was regarded as a base, and resulted in different superstructures culture, religion and politics. Every stage of history was more complex than another and lead to the next one. For Marx it meant that the history of all societies is inevitable and must lead through the same phases. The Enlightenments attachment to the notion of progressive development of societies lead to the ideas of future utopia final, goal stage of social evolution. It was a very optimistic concept of history, beginning in dark, oppressive periods of the past, through ambiguous and chaotic modernity, leading to some enlighten, better and just future. Such utopian vision was described by Condorcet, for whom future society would prevail tyranny by changing tradition and superstition into reason  [4]  . Delany wrote of the Enlightenment as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦characterized by a certain utopianism, which was a reflection of the belief in the promises of modernity to bring about freedom. Unlike earlier social thought, it displayed a great belief in the power of human action to shape the future  [5]  . The same was true for Marx, who saw communism as the perfect and most of all just, social system. For Marx the end stage of human history communism represented the most desired and final pha se of human development. As Sideman wrote: Marx never gave up his Enlightenment faith in the coming of a new era  [6]  . But contrary to the Enlightenment philosophers, for Marx, the utopia was not to be obtained through evolution and development of reason, but through revolution of working class. The idea of revolution was not present in eighteen century before the experience of French revolution. Though it is sad, that the Enlightenment prepared the ground for the revolt in France, works of eighteen century thinkers did not appeal to force or violent change. Marx shared the romantic vision of revolution with socialist thinkers and activists supporting French strife. Moreover, unlike his eighteen century ancestors, Marx sought emancipation in proletariat the working class of modernity. The Enlightenment was an age of intellectuals, giving special role to philosophers in the process of development of society  [7]  . In eighteen century thought, reason had the emancipatory force. Marx violent vision of revolution did not reserved place for intellectuals, though Marx was one of them. Social structure The Enlightenment was a period of a great expansion of egalitarian theories. The idea of natural laws developed and notion of equality had spread. Eighteen century philosophers attempted to find and describe origins of social order as well as discover best social conditions to maintain and expand individual freedom. Especially the latter freedom, understood as unconstrained development and expansion of reason was an important issue in the theory of state and governance. The Enlightenment cherished the idea of liberated individual in the society free from state, church and other collective forms of organizations. To reconcile the concepts of state and freedom, the idea of civil society was developed. Individuals became citizens residents of a state that had their natural, internal rights, individuals who through that civil rights gained freedom. Though human beings were not equal, especially because of different kinds and sizes of ownership, they had the potential of equality inte rnalized through their natural, inalienable rights. For Marx idea of equality was a goal of the development of societies. Contemporary social structure was far from egalitarian one. To describe social structure Marx used a concept of class as sets of people or parts of society that differ by the effective control over the means of production and property ownership  [8]  . The class designated people who lived in similar conditions. For bourgeois stage of development social structure was basically dichotomous, consisting of two classes owners (capitalists) and workers. Since individuals within one class shared alike economic positions they also shared the same interests. Individuals from different classes, on the other hand, remained in permanent conflict as they interests were opposite. For in Marx theory class structure is a structure of permanent class-conflict. As E.C. Cuff and others expressed it: Since the inequality between the owning class and the labouring class is not simply an economic one, narrowly defined, but involv es a social relationship of power and control, the difference of interest between these classes refers to freedom and further: The conflict of interest between owning and labouring classes is, then, a conflict over power and freedom.  [9]  Once again Marx theory rejected peaceful and optimistic assumptions of the Enlightenment. Ideologies and religion The end of the Middle Ages ended the era of gods laws and theological explanation of social order. The Enlightenment separated religion from politics. Eighteen century brought to life the concept of public private spheres. Religion became private matter of citizens. Gods rights no longer decided on political questions and social relations. Secular society was based on secular rules. The Enlightenment believed in reason and science, and through them sought emancipation from religion and superstition. Social change required that cultural traditions be weakened to allow for new ideas and attitudes favoring social progress  [10]  . Religion and tradition constrained social change and overruled the utopian vision of future. It does not mean that the Enlightenment was a truly secular era. Rejection of religion covered only public, political sphere. None of the great philosophers of the period Becon, Diderot, Locke postulated atheism  [11]  . The issue was to separate religion fr om science, theology from logical reasoning. Religion intruded cognition, so had to be abandoned in the sphere of knowledge. Marx also shared with the Enlightenment the concept of secular society, though he brought the idea of secularization further. For Marx every ideology and meta-narration of society, in every stage of its development, was a product of current economic relations, and so was religion. Religion internalized rules, regulations and prohibitions served justification of the conditions of production and hence, the justification of exploitation. In this sense religion was a mechanism of oppression. It was no longer a private issue, but a political one, that justified bourgeois order. As in the eighteen century religion obstructed change, but this time, though, it was not suppose to be withdraw from public life, but destroyed absolutely. That is why, according to Marx, emancipation not only required rejection of theological order of the world, but also complete rejection of religion. Once again this emancipation required revolution dramatic and sudden change of economic conditions that would change social relations, including execution of religion. The role of science The Enlightenment was the era of development of sciences. A great expand of sciences such as mathematics, medicine, natural sciences changed the view of modern philosophers on the world and human kind. Science revealed mystery of existence and the order of nature. That is why science became one of the ways to obtain individual freedom. Eighteen century philosophers presumed that one day science will lead to discovery of logical, rational order of human and societal relations. For Marx science also had an important role in revealing the rules of organization of society. Marx knew that in order to change, it is necessary to understand the social forces institutions, cultural traditions, social groups  [12]  . In Marx theory science held the explanatory role by revealing the real nature of social order, gave information about social classes, modes of production and rules of historical development. According to Marx, science should be based on rational assumptions and logical laws, it should reject common sense and superstitions. When discussing the role of science in Marx theory, his contribution to scientific methods is worth mention. The Enlightenment admired achievements of modern mathematics and physicists, especially those of Newton. Philosophers were dreaming of finding scientific method, similar to methods used in physics and mathematics, to investigate and describe social world. Modern thinkers presumed that since the complex world of nature can be characterized through clear rules and patterns of numbers, the same can be done with human environment. Marx sought different path of inquiry. His scientific method characterized as historicism  [13]  postulated investigation on every social phenomena in their historical context. Marx claimed that all individuals and their actions are embedded in broader setting, since none human being exists separated from his environment. Moreover he posed the question of a researcher as a social actor, entangled in social reality beside investigated objects. Marx claimed that scientist shares common consciousness to the same degree as all other members of society. True scientific method required from the researcher detachment from false, superstition knowledge embedded on the surface of social life  [14]  . Here again Marx expressed belief in reason and logic, similarly to his eighteen century ancestors. Economic perspective Though Marx theory shares materialistic perspective, he was not the one to introduce economic interpretation of social life. Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and others eighteen century thinkers saw the leading role of economy in social life. Those early economists wrote about dehumanization of work and disintegration of society through modern specialization of production and technical development of the production process  [15]  . Industrial revolution of eighteen century brought to light new phenomena that were not overlooked by present-day thinkers. Negative effects of industrialization, demographic explosion and urbanization were thoroughly discussed by that time. As we can see, the importance of material conditions for human individual and collective life was not the Marx invention, though he also observed that technology destroys social relations. According to him, innovations, machines and devices used in the process of production serve the dominant class for exploitation of workers  [16]  . Nevertheless, with his materialistic view on society, Marx went further with the idea, claiming that: the reproduction of material life precedes the production of culture  [17]  . For Marx material conditions of existence were the basis for all other characteristics of life. In this concept, living conditions determined social structure, policies, rules and morality. Marx showed that certain social conditions shape certain forms of consciousness. That was a great contribution of Marx thought to social sciences. Since Marx, social scientists began research on the role of material conditions on human thoughts, believes and attitudes, giving a star t to many disciplines of social sciences, as sociology of thought, sociology of knowledge or sociology of religion  [18]  . Moreover, since then, social scientists considered development process and ownership relations of societies as some of the most important criteria of social studies analysis. The concept of state Eighteen century philosophy was critical towards the old order or regime. The Enlightenment developed several state theories  [19]  , all connected with the concept of social contract. Hobbes, claimed that the states are made on the basis of common agreement in which citizens give their rights to absolute power. John Locke postulated conception of liberal state based on tolerance, private ownership and freedom of economic action. In this conception it was not the absolute ruler but society that hold the power. Kannt, on the other hand, proposed peaceful republican regime of federation of states. Finally Rousseau wrote about egalitarian regime of equal chances, conditions and rights of citizens. All the eighteen century concepts of authority were positive ones, assuming rationality of power and universality of interests. Marx concept of the state was not the optimistic one. In his works state power had class character  [20]  . Regime authority served class interest of dominant group of society capitalists, through organized violence towards the suppressed class. There was no possibility to gain freedom through or within the state. Unlike the eighteen century theories, Marx project of desirable future assumed abolishment of the bureaucratic, oppressive, class regime. Decomposition of the state should be accomplished through a proletariat revolution that would lead to class-free society of common owners. Individualism and collective action In earlier philosophy, the status of human being in society was constant and determined, not by human himself, but by external forces the world order, gods will, some kind of justice and internal sense of social existence. Enlightenment and especially the French revolution, brought the idea of civil society and civil rights  [21]  . The Enlightenment claimed that all human beings share some common characteristics that are independent of external, historical or natural conditions. It was the kind of individualism, that claimed that human nature in general have some common qualities inherited from the state of nature. That is what makes society egalitarian differences between human status in society are merely secondary, in a sense that all (male) human beings are equal and share the same civic rights. Emancipation in this context was a political emancipation of citizens from feudal, traditional relations. Marx connected human position in social structure with material conditions and idea of work and ownership. For him the idea of society was not based on the idea of civil rights, but on the idea of economic relations between different social groups classes. It was dichotomous vision of society made of workers and capitalists the owners of means of production. Emancipation was possible not on the basis of civil rights, but on the basis of changing economic relations. This was a revolutionary perspective, leading to turnover of social order. Unlike the Enlightenment, Marx did not perceived emancipation and concept of freedom in individual actions. He clearly rejected individualism both in terms of individual social actions and as the method of inference about human conditions. Marx claimed that every individual is rooted in his collective history and society, and his consciousness, as well as beliefs, goals and needs are shaped through that heritage. That is why not only analysis of human conditions, but also the projected change of social relations, has to take into consideration collective baggage and collective effort. Conclusions As we can see, Marx benefited much from the Enlightenment philosophy, though we have to keep in mind, that issues presented in this paper are merely examples of eighteen century tradition in Marx thought. Marx indeed was a child of the Enlightenment in a sense, that he took form that tradition in different ways, sometimes directly, sometimes developing further ideas and sometimes criticizing and negating the eighteen century thought. This heritage however seems somehow natural, since we cannot abandon of our history and are always influenced by previous discourses. What we have to remember about is, that eighteen century tradition does not exhaust Marx thought but merely enriches and embeds it in historical context.

The Reality of Science :: Psychology Essays

The Reality of Science Science is defined in the Merriam Webster dictionary as "an area of knowledge that is an object of study". What is the object of scientific study? Through an adherence to the rules prescribed by the scientific method, researchers and students of the various scientific fields search for truths, as defined by what can be proven to really exist; in short, they searching for what is real. It is the quest to define reality, for the purpose of mastering it; perhaps, to one day be able to manufacture reality in a vast warehouse in the likeness of the landscape-altering remnants that litter the hills and meadows of industrialized nations around the globe. Through extensive research, theorizing and endless testing, retesting, and further retesting, scientists seek the common goal of determining the reality composing an exhaustive array of materials. Science, as we regard it today, was coaxed into consciousness by the ancient philosophers of Pre-Socratic fame. These legendary thinkers whiled away the days in deep contemplation regarding the nature and definition of reality. Out of the flames of the fire started by the investigations of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and others, a fork in the road arose along the journey in pursuit of reality. Science is seldom seen as a branch of philosophy, yet to deny its association to philosophy would be to deny its own mother. Science has arisen from the epistemoligical branch of philosophy, that massive vine of the great oak tree that encompasses the pursuit of reality through the utilization of the five senses. This twisting, intertwining bough developed from the attempts by philosophers who sought to define reality through inspection, comparison, and logical deduction. Nothing is real but what can be felt, sensed, smelled, heard. This can be represented by the famed question "If a tree falls in the forest, but no one hears it, does it make a sound?" Philosophers in every school of thought continue to struggle with this question, which scientists have attempted to solve through methods of investigation. Still, the original question remains: Is a sound really a sound if it is not heard? If there are two people in the forest who both hear the tree fall, yet because of thier respectiv e locations they perceive entirely different sounds, how do we decide which one is real? Can reality take on opposing characteristics? Can the same sound be at once muffled and booming?

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- essays research papers fc

An Exploration of one of the Most Mysterious Diseases   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alzheimer’s disease, named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, is a disease that is on the rise in America and the rest of the world. People should learn as much as they want about this disease, because as you age, your chances of becoming an Alzheimer’s Disease, or AD, patient increases. It is estimated that approximately 3 percent of Americans between the ages of 65 and 74 have the illness, and more than half of all people over age 85 have the ailment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AD is a form of dementia, a disease, that according to the Alzheimer's Disease Education & Referral Center is defined as: â€Å"†¦a group of symptoms that are caused by changes in brain function. Dementia symptoms may include asking the same questions repeatedly; becoming lost in familiar places; being unable to follow directions; getting disoriented about time, people, and places; and neglecting personal safety, hygiene, and nutrition. People with dementia lose their abilities at different rates.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not uncommon for AD patients to become lost and wander away from their homes, thus leading to a very disturbing and upsetting experience for family members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alzheimer’s can be diagnosed before age 65, although rare, and is caused by a mutation in 3 known genes. About 5 percent of those who are under 65 and possess the ailment have AD in their family history. Given that the symptoms of AD are caused by plaque in the brain, causing loss of nerve cells that help the body communicate with the brain, mutations to these genes; amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2 cause a excessive production of certain proteins (primarily a B-42 form of amyloid protein), and therefore spark an excessive growth of plaque cells which are toxic to the neurons of the brain. For those cases of Alzheimer’s that occur after age 65, a genetic mutation has yet to be proven, although some may be linked, to the fact that a difference may cause an increased chance of developing the ailment. Whatever the case may be for patients over 65 years old, the disease and its symptoms are caused by neurofibrillary tangles of al myloid plaques. It is impossible for someone to test positive for Alzheimer’s Disease, because the only way to determine an affirmative case i... ...t one has it. Many scientists hypothesize that there is an inflammatory response in the brain when there is an extensive B-42 amassing. To slow or stop this, scientists theorize that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, could delay the swelling in the brain. Also, as scientists have known that taking a multi-vitamin tablet each day is good for you, there has been recent research demonstrating that the use of antioxidants may protect neurons, not just the immune system and keeping the body healthy by providing vitamins and minerals. These special supplements protect the neurons from the effects of the accruing B-Amyloid that would likely cause the plaque that causes AD. Works Cited www.crystalinks.com/ alzheimers.html Picture of Brain Cross Section http://apt.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/6/3/193 Information on Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia http://www.emental-health.com/alzh_biology.htm Information on the biology of Alzheimer’s Disease http://www.alznyc.org/ Information about Treatments and the AD community Delaware Valley Veterans Hospital- Alzheimer’s Ward- Allowing me to enter the facility and communicate with AD patients, nurses, and care-takers.

Final Paper Cost Accounting Essay

Principles of Accounting II Cost Accounting Accounting is the accumulation and aggregation of info for decision makers including administrators, traders, authorities, loan providers, as well as the general public. Accounting systems impact behavior and administration and have effects across divisions, companies, and even nations. This report will provide the reader a knowledge regarding cost accounting. This report will talk about: Why is cost accounting so essential to the achievement of the company; what are the different ways of cost accounting and how are they utilized; how does an operating budget work in order to control a firms administration; what are the factors of a financial budget; how are financial budgets developed; what is variance analysis and the way its utilized. Cost accounting can be defined as the procedure of gathering, computing, assessing, interpreting as well as reporting cost info which is both helpful and related to the internal and external stakeholders of a business. Among the many advantages of cost accounting is that it converts data into info, knowledge and wisdom regarding a business entitys functions which is helpful for: gauging efficiency, decreasing or controlling expenses, deciding the charges or rates for services and goods, determining to approve, change or stop a plan or activity. One more advantage is that info on the costs programs as well as activities can be used as a foundation in order to approximate future expenses in organizing as well as analyzing budget requests. As soon as budgets are authorized as well as executed, cost info serves as a helpful comment on efficiency. In addition to that, costs might be compared to known or supposed advantages in order to identify value-added and non-value added actions. Deadline: ( ), Business – Acc†¦ To download this tutorial follow the link – https://bitly.com/12B1whO There is no denying the important role a college education can play in just about anyone’s life. But, many worry that they do not know enough about  higher education to make intelligent decisions about their future. By keeping the above information close at hand, it is possible to make the entire process clearer and much more intuitive than you may have thought possible. Deadline: ( ), Business – Accounting Week1 D1: As you have learned in this week’s readings the Accounting Equation is + Owners’ Equity. Is the accounting equation true in all instances? Provide sample transactions from your own experiences to demonstrate the validity of the Accounting Equation. D2: What does the term account mean? What are the different classifications of accounts? How do the rules for debits and credits impact accounts? Please provide an example of how debits and credits impact accounts. Assignment: (see attached file) Week2 D1: Financial statements are a product of the accounting cycle. Think about two different companies: a manufacturing company, and a retail company. Why would different companies have different accounting cycles? Would you expect the steps of the accounting cycle to be the same for each company? Why or why not? D2: What is the purpose of a bank reconciliation? What are the reasons for differences between the cash reported in the accounting records and the cash balance in the bank statements? Assignment: See attached file Week3 D1: The controller of Sagehen Enterprises believes that the company should switch from the LIFO method to the FIFO method. The controller’s bonus is based on the next income. It is the controller’s belief that the switch in inventory methods would increase the net income of the company. What are  the differences between the LIFO and FIFO methods? D2: A variety of depreciation methods are used to allocate the cost of an asset to all of the accounting periods benefited by the use of the asset. Your client has just purchased a piece of equipment for $100,000. Explain the concept of depreciation. Which of the following depreciation methods would you recommend: straight-line depreciation, double declining balance method, or an alternative method?